Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants

The incorrect statement is Option D.Here’s why:In monocots (e.g. cereals), the thin, membranous seed coat is actually fused with the fruit wall (pericarp) to form the bran or husk.The aleurone layer, by contrast, is the outermost layer of the endosperm, not part of the seed coat.So Option D is wrong because it misidentifies the aleurone layer as a fused seed‐coat layer.

Embryo is formed after halving the number of chromosomes from each parent via meiosis (here, ), while seed coat and endosperm's chromosome count depend upon female species.

Honey bee (Option A):Honey bee queens are diploid (2n). They produce female gametes (eggs) bymeiosis.Male honey bees (drones) are haploid (n) and produce male gametes (sperm) bymitosis.The question specifically asks about thefemalegamete. Therefore, honey bees produce female gametes by meiosis from diploid cells, not mitosis of haploid cells.Garden pea (Option B):The garden pea is a flowering plant. Plants exhibit alternation of generations.The dominant plant you see is the diploid sporophyte (2n).Within the ovule, a diploid cell (megasporocyte) undergoesmeiosisto produce four haploid megaspores (n).One of these haploid megaspores survives and undergoes several rounds ofmitosisto form the female gametophyte (embryo sac).The female gametophyte is a haploid structure (n) that contains various cells, including theegg cell(the female gamete).Therefore, the egg cell (female gamete) is a direct product of mitotic divisions and differentiation within a haploid structure (the female gametophyte), which itself developed from a haploid cell (megaspore) by mitosis. This fits the description "produces the female gamete by mitosis of haploid cells."Chicken (Option C):Chickens are animals.Female chickens (hens) are diploid (2n). They produce female gametes (eggs) through oogenesis, which involvesmeiosisof diploid oogonia.Therefore, chickens produce female gametes by meiosis from diploid cells, not mitosis of haploid cells.Fruit fly (Option D):Fruit flies are animals.Female fruit flies are diploid (2n). They produce female gametes (eggs) through oogenesis, which involvesmeiosisof diploid oogonia.Therefore, fruit flies produce female gametes by meiosis from diploid cells, not mitosis of haploid cells.Conclusion:The Garden pea is the organism among the options where the female gamete is produced by mitosis of haploid cells (specifically, by mitotic divisions within the haploid female gametophyte, which originates from a haploid megaspore).The final answer is